NOTE: In the tables, d, h, m indicate day, hour, and minute, respectively.ĭate/Times in black are in Universal Time. The tilt's orientation with respect to space does not change during the year thus, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun in June and away from the sun in December, as illustrated in the graphic below.Įarth's Seasons - Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion (navy.mil) Seasons are caused by the fact that the Earth is tilted on its axis by 23.5°. Celebrations of the lighter days to come and nature’s continuing cycle have been common. Although winter is the season of dormancy, darkness and cold, the December solstice marks the 'turning of the Sun' and the days slowly get longer. This fact may sound counter to what we know about seasons in the Northern Hemisphere, but actually the difference is not significant in terms of climate and is NOT the reason why we have seasons. In the Northern Hemisphere, the December solstice is the winter solstice and the shortest day of the year. The aphelion, or the point at which the Earth is about 1.6 million miles farther away from the sun, occurs during the first week in July.
During the first week in January, the Earth is about 1.6 million miles closer to the sun. This means that the distance between the Earth and Sun, which is 93 million miles on average, varies throughout the year. We all know that the Earth makes a complete revolution around the sun once every 365 days, following an orbit that is elliptical in shape. In the Northern Hemisphere, it occurs when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn, which is located at 23.5° south of the equator and runs through Australia, Chile, southern Brazil, and northern South Africa. The winter solstice marks the shortest day and longest night of the year. For every place north of the Tropic of Cancer, the sun is at its highest point in the sky and this is the longest day of the year. The summer solstice occurs when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer, which is located at 23.5° latitude North, and runs through Mexico, the Bahamas, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, India, and southern China. Therefore, on the day of the summer solstice, the sun appears at its highest elevation with a noontime position that changes very little for several days before and after the summer solstice. The summer solstice occurs at the moment the earth's tilt toward from the sun is at a maximum. Therefore, on the equinox and for several days before and after the equinox, the length of day will range from about 12 hours and six and one-half minutes at the equator, to 12 hours and 8 minutes at 30 degrees latitude, to 12 hours and 16 minutes at 60 degrees latitude. Additionally, the days become a little longer at the higher latitudes (those at a distance from the equator) because it takes the sun longer to rise and set.
The "nearly" equal hours of day and night is due to refraction of sunlight or a bending of the light's rays that causes the sun to appear above the horizon when the actual position of the sun is below the horizon. At the equator, the sun is directly overhead at noon on these two equinoxes. These events are referred to as Equinoxes.The word equinox is derived from two Latin words - aequus (equal) and nox (night). Current year is highlighted.There are only two times of the year when the Earth's axis is tilted neither toward nor away from the sun, resulting in a "nearly" equal amount of daylight and darkness at all latitudes. Dates are based on the Gregorian calendar. Showing: Solstices & Equinoxes for Odesa Year
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